Co-production of hydrolytic enzymes using gram waste and its optimization through the OVAT approach for Nesterenkonia sp. K-15-9-6

Abstract

Agro-industrial and food processing wastes need proper treatment if sustainability is to be achieved. This study proposes a systematic approach to convert gram waste into valuable products (hydrolytic enzymes) via submerged fermentation (SmF) using Nesterenkonia sp. K 15-9-6. The co-production approach, involving the synthesis of multiple enzymes in a single medium, offers efficiency gains with cost reduction. To enhance the yield of enzymes, the key parameters wereoptimized, including incubation period (24-120 h), pH (7.0-11.0), gram waste concentration (2.0-10.0g%), inoculum volume (3.0-15.0%v/v), medium volume and NaCI (0.0-15.0%w/v). The research finding indicated that incubation time, 48h; pH, 9.0; gram waste, 8g%: inoculum volume, 5%v/v, medium volume, 75mL and NaCl concentration, 2.5%w/v ere optimum for co-production of hydrolytic enzymes. The maximum protease (129 U/mL), xylanase (5.12 U/mL), cellulose (5.66 U/mL), amylase (5.89 U/mL), and lipase (4.99 U/mL) production was observed under optimized conditions. In summary, this work highlights the potential of Nesterenkonia sp. K-15-9-6 for co-producing hydrolytic enzymes and sustainable managing of gram waste.